It consist of the leaves and stems, photosynthesis occurs here. The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Pteridophytes part1 for neet aiims jipmer duration. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. In pteridophytes, gametes are produced via mitosis from special cells of the gametophyte. The name pteridophyte means featherplant, denoting the. Pteridophytes definition of pteridophytes by medical. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. Pteridophyta mcq multiple choice question and answer. A good portion of the image references used here tap fine image resources for nonflowering vascular plants.
Pteridophytes definition of pteridophytes by medical dictionary. In all pteridophytes the dominant plant is the sporophyte brown below with the gametophyte blue below shortlived. Pteridophytes are mostly terrestrial sometimes growing in the moist and shady regions. The body of the sporophyte is well differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. Pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Pteridophytes article about pteridophytes by the free.
Unlike the ferns, which are a highly successful, flourishing group, the fern allies as we call the other pteridophytes are virtually living fossils. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved after. The term is now used only informally to denominate a fern monilophyte or lycophyte. In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins yatskievych, 2003. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores. This fern life cycle is representative of all pteridophytes. The plant list includes a further 3,533 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the pteridophytes. There are about eleven thousand different species of pteridophytes, making them the most diverse land plants. Like reptiles first true land animals that evolved. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. A chemosystematic overview of pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forestlike environment.
Floristic composition of alabama piedmont floodplains across a gradient of stream channel incision. Pteridophytes diversity of satpura hills balendra pratap singh and ravi upadhyay department of botany, govt. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele. Rubber is planted together with rice, vegetables, herbs, and a limited number of. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. College, pipariya 461775, mp, india corresponding author abstract introduction the satpura range is a range of hills in central india. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Download objective type questions of pteridophyta pdf visit our pdf store. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al.
Dec 08, 2017 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. Fiddleheads are the young furled coiled up heads of a young fern. Firstly, pteridophytes are the vascular plants plants having xylem and phloem that reproduces via spores. Influences of life history attributes on formation of local and distant fern populations. Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds. Phytochemical studies in brazilian pteridophytes soeder 1985 reported a large inventory of papers that appeared between 1966 and 1984 on the chemical constituents of pteridophytes. The pterdiophytes, or fern allies, are a group that share similarities in life cycle, ecology, and physiology, and are considered a paraphyletic grouping. Presently, the indian system of medicine uses over 1,100 medicinal plants and most of them are collected from the wild habitat, of which over five dozen species are said to be in great demand.
Featherplants are among the worlds most ancient plants, found as fossils in rocks 400 million. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forestlike environment in rubber production systems in the lowlands of jambi, sumatra h. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Jul 06, 2009 for the best answers, search on this site evolutionarily, they are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues xylem and phloem,in pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves.
International research botany group 2017 international botany project international research botany group international botany project non profit research institute research service botanical team recycled paper free for members of international equisetological association. Tree fern growth strategy in the late devonian cladoxylopsid species pietzschia levis from the study of its stem and root system american journal of botany. Must eat cooked or steamed, not raw, although some people do eat fiddleheads raw and end up getting throat and gastric cancers. Pteridophyta objective type questions pdf download. International research botany group 2017 international. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from rajasthan. As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. Pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. They are all vascular plants bearing spores during reproduction, and exhibit a diplohaplontic lifecycle alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage.
Terrestrial pteridophytes as indicators of a forestlike. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude.
What are euphylls and how did they most likely evolve. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Haeckel 1866 called these groups of plants as pteridophytes because of their pinnate or feather like fronds leaves. Pteridophyta in the broad interpretation of the term are. The tribes of various regions of india are involved in the collection and trades of the herbs2, 3. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are also referred to as cryptogams. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc pteridophytes shows large variation in the form, size and habit. In the jungle rubber production system there are a number of secondary products next to rubber latex that is the main product. They are the vascular plants those having xylem and phloem tissues that reproduce by releasing spores rather than seeds, and they include the highly diverse true ferns and other graceful, primarily forestdwelling plants. Jan 23, 2017 introduction and definition the pteridophytes gk. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves known as fronds, roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele.
The range rises in eastern gujrat state near the arabian sea coast. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. A pteridophyte sensu lato is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces via spores, and therefore was a member of the former and now invalid taxon pteridophyta. Pteridophytes ferns and lycophytes are freesporing vascular plants that have a life cycle with alternating, freeliving gametophyte and sporophyte phases that are independent at maturity. The plant list includes 46,428 scientific plant names of species rank for the pteridophytes. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. The innhabitants of dry land are selaginella rupestris, selaginella lepidophylla, equisetum arvens etc. The empirical basis of botanical systematics has been broadened far beyond the realm of macromorphological traits on which systematists have based their decisions for more than 200 years. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. Fire effects information system species accounts, with additional information centered on the fire ecology of the plant. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover.
Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Pteridophytes pteridophytes is a general term for the vascular, free. They have leaves, roots, stem and sometimes trunks also. Ferns belong to a group of plants called featherplants or pteridophytes, along with club mosses and horsetails. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams.
Heterosporous megaspores important in species identifications and gametophyte development is endosporic. As with all plants, in pteridophytes, meiosis is sporic, meaning that cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis and generate spores that then develop into the gametophyte via mitosis. Pteridophytes and forbs with facwobl designations are associated with sites exhibiting referencetype geomorphic conditions, i. Furthermore, in hymenophyllous ferns, the sporophyte is. Pteridophyta mcq multiple choice question and answer pteridophyta mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. Species of pteridophytes contained within the plant list belong to 35 plant families and 568 plant genera.